Neurodiversity recognizes that differences in the way the brain develops and functions are natural variations of human cognition rather than deficits requiring correction. The term encompasses a wide range of neurodevelopmental differences, including Autism, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Dyslexia, Dyspraxia (developmental coordination disorder), and other developmental profiles (Singer, 1999; Armstrong, 2015). While neurodivergent children may experience challenges in communication, emotional regulation, sensory processing, executive functioning, and social interaction, they also possess unique strengths such as creativity, problem-solving, attention to detail, and innovative thinking.

Selective Mutism (SM) is a childhood anxiety disorder characterised by a consistent inability to speak in specific social situations (including school) despite speaking comfortably in other settings, typically at home. This pattern of behaviour is not due to a language disorder or lack of knowledge of the spoken language and significantly interferes with educational achievement, social communication, and emotional development.

Children with selective mutism often experience intense anxiety rather than an unwillingness to communicate. As a result, therapeutic interventions that reduce pressure and promote emotional safety are particularly valuable. Play therapy offers a developmentally appropriate, non-threatening approach that allows children to express themselves without relying solely on verbal communication.